ATP shows more potential as a urinary biomarker than acetylcholine and PGE ₂ , but its concentration in urine is not a simple function of dilution

Aims To determine whether the amount of ATP, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and acetylcholine (ACh) in voided urine are influenced enough by that released within lower urinary tract (LUT) for them to be useful biomarkers bladder function. Methods Participants without LUT symptoms collected total voids at 15, 30, 60, 120 min (20 males/23 females) 240 (18 males/26 following previous void. Aliquots were immediately frozen −20°C later used measure ATP (luciferin-luciferase), PGE2 (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), ACh (mass spectrometry), creatinine (colorimetric), lactose dehydrogenase (colorimetric). Results The correlated strongly with rate production, suggesting majority, if not all, has an LUT, likely bladder, origin. In contrast, there appeared no significant net LUTs release or into urine. was intermediate component increased production contributed about 25% 1 ml/min women but a smaller fraction men. Conclusion Whereas majority measured originates reflects extracted from plasma kidneys is mixture both sources. most potential as biomarker benign disorders. Expressing concentration relative questioned light these results.